I.Okwu mmeghe dị mkpirikpi:
Ngwa nnwale anya mmiri nke kọmputa bụ ihe nnwale nwere ọgụgụ isi nke a na-eji atụ arụmọrụ anya mmiri nke akwụkwọ na bọọdụ.
A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe na kọleji na mahadum, ụlọ ọrụ nyocha sayensị, ngalaba nyocha mma, ngalaba mbipụta akwụkwọ na mmepụta nkwakọ ngwaahịa nke ubi nnwale ihe akwụkwọ.
II.Oke nke ngwa
Akwụkwọ, kaadị, katọn, katọn, igbe agba, igbe akpụkpọ ụkwụ, nkwado akwụkwọ, ihe nkiri, ákwà, akpụkpọ anụ, wdg.
nke atọ.Njirimara ngwaahịa:
1.Mwepụta pendulum akpaka, arụmọrụ ule dị elu
2.Ọrụ nke ndị China na Bekee, ojiji dị mfe ma dịkwa mfe nghọta
3.Ọrụ nchekwa data nke ọdịda ike mberede nwere ike idobe data tupu ike agwụ mgbe ọkụ gbanyere ma gaa n'ihu na-anwale.
4.Nkwukọrịta na ngwanrọ kọmputa (zụta iche)
IV.Ụkpụrụ Nzukọ:
GB/T 455,QB/T 1050,ISO 1974,JIS P8116,TAPPI T414